| When you
set out to find out more information about anything, whether it is
for a written report or not, you need to be careful about sources.
As the amount information in the world increases exponentially, so
does the amount of misinformation. This is particularly true for
the World Wide Web, which does not currently have a system in
place to screen for credibility, accuracy or quality: anyone can
post a web page. However, even print sources such as books,
magazines, and newspapers are not immune to the hazard of
perpetuating inaccurate or outright false information (for
examples, see Wikipedia's article about the book "Arming
America: The Origins of a National Gun Culture" or an
article from The New York Times about fraudulent reporter
Jayson Blair).
There are several things you need to
think about when you are deciding if a source of information
is credible:
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Authority:
Who wrote the article or book? What qualifies that author to be
an authority on the subject? Does s/he have credentials that can
be verified? (Read about
John Gray, the author of
Men are from Mars, Women are
from Venus, and
Columbia Pacific University for an example.) If the author does not have
educational credentials, what experiences has s/he had that
qualifies her to speak about that topic? Can those experiences
be verified? (Read The Smoking Gun's report about
James Frey, the author of
A Million Little Pieces for an example.) |
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Objectivity: Supposing that the
author is an authority on the subject, does he have a vested
interest in the issue that may cause the information in your
source to be biased? Does the source provide opposing viewpoints
so that more than one position on the issue may be understood by
the reader, or does it endorse one position without
acknowledging opposing viewpoints? |
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Variety:
Does the source
incorporate multiple sources of information to discuss its
topic? (Check the bibliography to see.) |
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Age:
When was the source published? Newer, more accurate information
may be available if the source is a few years old. |
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Validity & Reliability:
If your
are reading about results of a research study, were the results
derived from research methods that were valid (methods that
measure what they're supposed to measure) and reliable (methods
that measure the same thing the same way every single time).
Validity and reliability of research methods can be crucial to
how seriously the conclusions of the study should be taken.
Always look for information about sample sizes (larger is
better), and be wary of studies that don't report them. |
For
information about evaluating sources, visit:
Duke University Libraries:
Evaluating Resources Duke University's Libraries:
Research Guide
Cuesta College:
Critically Evaluating the Logic and Validity of Information Purdue University Online Writing Lab:
Evaluating Sources
The World Wide Web Virtual Library's
Evaluation of Information Sources Database
For
information about using Database Search Engines, click:
EbscoHost's
Help Link
EbscoHost
Help
Villanova's
EbscoHost guide ProQuest's
Quick Reference Guide ProQuest's
Training Overview
WilsonWeb tutorial
WilsonWeb's
Quick Reference Guide
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